What distinguishes a controlled substance from other drugs?

A controlled substance is specifically defined by its potential for abuse and dependency, which is a crucial factor in its classification under drug laws. This category encompasses substances that may lead to physical or psychological dependence, posing significant risks to individuals and society. The classification as a controlled substance typically reflects extensive research and regulatory considerations regarding the drug's effects, misuse potential, and safety for public health.

While the availability to the public, methods of production, and classification by law enforcement agencies can influence how substances are regulated, they are secondary to the fundamental issue of abuse potential. Not all drugs that are available to the public or have specific production methods are classified as controlled substances; what primarily defines a substance as controlled is its recognized risk of leading to abuse and dependency, which necessitates stricter regulations and oversight.