What is one of the criteria for establishing probable cause?

Establishing probable cause is a critical component in law enforcement, as it provides the necessary foundation for actions such as obtaining search warrants or making arrests. One of the key criteria for establishing probable cause is the presence of physical evidence. Physical evidence can include tangible items, substances, or materials that directly link a suspect to a crime or establish that a crime has occurred. This type of evidence is objective and can be tested or analyzed, making it a strong basis for establishing the likelihood that a suspect has engaged in criminal activity.

Other options present varying levels of reliability and are not as definitive in establishing probable cause. For instance, suspicion based on prior knowledge may not be sufficient without supportive evidence. Witness testimony alone can also be variable, as it may be subjective and open to interpretation. Hearsay evidence typically lacks reliability, as it involves reporting what someone else said rather than firsthand knowledge. Therefore, the presence of physical evidence is the most robust criterion in establishing probable cause, as it provides clear and concrete data that supports law enforcement actions.